电磁阀种类浅析（中英文） SOLENOID VALVE TY

“电磁阀是一种机电驱动阀，用于控制液体和气体的流动。”
电磁阀是气体和液体回路中最常用的部件之一，应用无处不在。 使用电磁阀的一些例子包括加热系统，压缩空气技术，工业自动化，游泳池，喷水灭火系统，洗衣机，牙科设备，洗车系统和灌溉系统。
"A solenoid valve is an electromechanical actuated valve to control the flow of liquids and gases."
Solenoid valves are amongst the most used components in gas and liquid circuits. The number of applications is almost endless. Some examples of the use of solenoid valves include heating systems, compressed air technology, industrial automation, swimming pools, sprinkler systems, washing machines, dental equipment, car wash systems and irrigation systems.

电磁阀的电路功能Circuit functions of solenoid valves
电磁阀用于关闭，配制，分配或混合管道中的气体或液体流。电磁阀的特定用途由其电路功能表示。2/2通阀有两个端口（入口和出口）和两个位置（打开或关闭）。2/2通阀可以是“常闭”（在断电状态下关闭）或“常开”（在断电状态下打开）。3/2通阀有三个端口和两个位置，因此可以在两个电路之间切换。3/2通阀可以具有不同的功能，例如常闭，常开，转向或通用。在单个结构中可以有更多端口或阀门组合。电路功能可以用符号表示。以下是最常见的电路功能的一些示例。阀门的电路功能在两个矩形框中表示，用于断电状态（右侧，可视化）和通电状态（左侧）。方框中的箭头表示阀口之间的流向。这些例子显示了一个2/2路常开（NO）阀，一个2/2路常闭（NC）阀和一个3/2路常闭阀。
Solenoid valves are used to close, dose, distribute or mix the flow of gas or liquid in a pipe. The specific purpose of a solenoid valve is expressed by its circuit function. A 2/2 way valve has two ports (inlet and outlet) and two positions (open or closed). A 2/2 way valve can be normally closed (closed in de-energized state) or normally open (open in de-energized state). A 3/2 way valve has three ports and two positions and can therefore switch between two circuits. 3/2 way valves can have different functions such as normally closed, normally open, diverting or universal. More ports or combinations of valves in a single construction are possible. The circuit function can be expressed in a symbol. Below are some examples of the most common circuit functions. The circuit function of a valve is symbolized in two rectangular boxes for the de-energized state (right side, visualized by ) and energized state (left). The arrows in the box show the flow direction between the valve ports. The examples show a 2/2-way Normally Open (NO) valve, a 2/2-way Normally Closed (NC) valve and a 3/2-way Normally Closed valve. For more information about valve symbols and circuit functions, please visit the page about valve symbols.


操作类型Type of operation
电磁阀可分为不同的操作类型。
Solenoid valves can be categorized into different groups of operation.

• 直接操作Direct operated
直接操作（直动式）电磁阀具有最简单的工作原理。介质流过一个小孔，可通过柱塞封闭，底部有橡胶垫圈。一个小弹簧将柱塞向下固定以关闭阀门。柱塞由铁磁材料制成。电线圈围绕柱塞定位。一旦线圈通电，就会产生磁场，将柱塞向上拉向线圈的中心。打开了孔，使介质可以流过。这称为常闭（NC）阀。常开（NO）阀的工作方式相反：它具有不同的结构，以便在电磁阀未通电时孔口打开。当电磁阀启动时，孔口将关闭。最大工作压力和流速与孔径和电磁阀的磁力直接相关。因此该原理用于相对小的流速。直接操作电磁阀不需要最小工作压力或压力差，因此可以在0 bar到最大允许压力下使用。显示的电磁阀是直接操作的常闭2/2通阀。
Direct operated (direct acting) solenoid valves have the most simple working principle. The medium flows through a small orifice which can be closed off by a plunger with a rubber gasket on the bottom. A small spring holds the plunger down to close the valve. The plunger is made of a ferromagnetic material. An electric coil is positioned around the plunger. As soon as the coil is electrical energized, a magnetic field is created which pulls the plunger up towards the centre of the coil. This opens the orifice so that the medium can flow through. This is called a Normally Closed (NC) valve. A Normally Open (NO) valve works the opposite way: it has a different construction so that the orifice is open when the solenoid is not powered. When the solenoid is actuated, the orifice will be closed. The maximum operating pressure and the flow rate are directly related to the orifice diameter and the magnetic force of the solenoid valve. This principle is therefore used for relatively small flow rates. Direct operated solenoid valves require no minimum operating pressure or pressure difference, so they can be used from 0 bar up to the maximum allowable pressure. The displayed solenoid valve is a direct operated, normally closed 2/2 way valve.